Syria’s Foreign Ministry said it is following up on the case of a Syrian youth whose alleged sentence of “death by hanging” was reportedly issued by an Iraqi court after a video of President Ahmed al-Sharaa appeared on his Facebook “story.”

A document circulated on social media appears to show a judgment sentencing Mohammad Ahmad Suleiman Hassan (22) to death by hanging, issued by the Najaf Criminal Court in Iraq under Article 4 of the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Law.

Commenting on the circulated document, Mohammed Taha al-Ahmad, Director of the Arab Affairs Department at the Syrian Foreign Ministry, wrote on X on Monday that “the case is being followed up with the Iraqi government through official channels until the authenticity of the published document is verified and the matter duly pursued.”

A death sentence against a Syrian youth in Iraq for placing a photo of President al-Sharaa on his phone, 27 October 2025 (Al-Mu’tasim al-Kilani)

Mohammad’s brother, Fouad Suleiman, who said he was arrested in Iraq and recently deported to Syria, stated that Iraqi authorities detained him along with his brother in March 2025 while they were in Iraq, later releasing him and keeping Mohammad in custody.

He added that, during a search of Mohammad’s phone, authorities found videos and photos of President Ahmed al-Sharaa, as well as a clip showing Free Syrian Army fighters capturing combatants from Iraq’s Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba.

According to Fouad, his brother, now under a death sentence, gave confessions under electric shocks and beatings. He said several accusations were brought against Mohammad, including being part of “sleeper cells of the ‘al-Jolani government’,” “sending coordinates to Syria,” and communicating with the Free Syrian Army before the fall of the former regime.

Fouad also said two other Syrians, Omar Muat Harboush and Mohammad Khorshid, were each sentenced by the Najaf Criminal Court to 15 years in prison. He explained the reason for Harboush’s sentencing was allegedly insulting the former Secretary-General of Lebanon’s Hezbollah, Hassan Nasrallah, and communicating with individuals inside Syria, while he did not clarify the reason for Khorshid’s sentence.

Letter to the UN Human Rights Office

Legal expert in human rights and international criminal law, Almoutassim Al Kilani, announced on Facebook that he sent a petition to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Iraq Office, regarding the Syrian youth’s case.

In his message, al-Kilani called for “urgent intervention regarding grave human rights violations.”

According to the lawyer’s letter, the defendant was subjected during interrogation to severe torture and electric shocks and was forced to sign confessions without knowing their content and without a lawyer present. His case was then referred to court on “terrorism” charges under Iraq’s Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, where he was sentenced to death.

The Syrian youth Mohammad Ahmad Suleiman Hassan

The lawyer said the legal violations in this case included:

• Breach of Article 19 of the Iraqi Constitution, which guarantees:
  “The right of the accused to a fair and public trial, the right to defense, and the inadmissibility of extracting confessions under coercion or torture.”
• Nullity of any confession obtained under torture or coercion, in accordance with Article 218 of the Iraqi Code of Criminal Procedure No. 23 of 1971.
• Violation of the defendant’s right to defense and denial of counsel during interrogation and trial.
• Misapplication of Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005 to acts that do not fall within the definition of terrorism, in a manner that contravenes the principle of legality.

At the international level, the ruling violates Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Iraq is a party, guaranteeing the right to life and allowing capital punishment only for the “most serious crimes” and after a fair trial.

It also violates Article 7 of the ICCPR, which prohibits torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, and contravenes the Convention against Torture (CAT), which Iraq joined in 2011 and which obligates the state to investigate any torture allegations and punish those responsible.

The decision also, according to the lawyer, infringes Article 19 of the ICCPR on freedom of expression, since posting political or media content is not a crime under international law.

Al-Kilani requested that the UN Human Rights Office:

• Suspend the execution of the death sentence against Mohammad Hassan immediately pending a reinvestigation of the case.
• Open an independent, impartial investigation under international oversight into the defendant’s allegations of torture and ill-treatment in detention.
• Ensure a fair trial in line with international standards and enable him to appoint counsel and mount a full defense.
• Urge Iraqi authorities to review the Anti-Terrorism Law to align it with international standards and ensure it is not used to restrict freedom of expression.
• Dispatch a UN judicial monitoring mission to follow court and investigative proceedings.